<p>The Rosenwald Building is a historic building located in Downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico. Designed by Henry Trost of the El Paso firm of Trost & Trost and built in 1910, it was the first reinforced concrete building in the city. It is a massive three-story building with a two-story recessed entrance and simple geometric ornamentation. The building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Originally the entire 42,000-square-foot building was occupied by Aron and Edward Rosenwald&#39;s flagship department store, which was praised by the Albuquerque Journal as "the handsomest, most up-to-date, and most complete department store in the southwest" upon opening. McLellan Stores moved into the ground floor in 1927, remaining there for about 50 years. The Rosenwald Building was renovated in 1981 and the upper floors were converted to office space. The city of Albuquerque bought two floors of the building in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The house at 36 Forest Street, sometimes called the Burton House in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is a wooden Shingle Style structure built in the late 19th century and largely intact today. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Originally it was built on land that had been transferred to a local insurance company by developers of the surrounding affluent Nook Farm neighborhood. They had been unable to make their mortgage payments, and so the lot was subdivided from one of their own properties. Later it was sold to one of the wealthy families that first settled the Asylum Hill neighborhood of Hartford. Most of the other houses from that time on Forest Street have been demolished to clear the way for newer construction, primarily apartment buildings. It is one of the few 19th-century houses left on the street. Currently it is rented out as apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the east side of the street, roughly 500 ft north of the intersection with Hawthorn Street and a thousand feet north of the onramps over Forest from West Boulevard to the Interstate 84/USA Route 6 freeway. The house of Uncle Toms Cabin author Harriet Beecher Stowe, also listed on the Register, is a similar distance to the north along the east side of Forest. Mark Twains house for much of his later life, now a National Historic Landmark, is on the main street of the area, Farmington Avenue, two blocks away in the area now designated the Nook Farm and Woodland Street District.</p><br>
<p>Between 36 Forest and the Beecher Stowe House are modern three-story brick apartment buildings, similar to those south of the house. Hartford Public High School is across the street. Behind the house are parking lots and more brick apartment buildings, with other houses to the northeast and southeast. The latter is the home of suffragist Isabella Beecher Hooker and her husband John, another Register property in the area.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-and-a-half–story shingle-sided wood frame house on a brick foundation. Its main block is a four-by-two-bay section with a gambrel roof intersected with a similar section projecting to the east (rear). A cross-gabled section intersects at the north end. Around the southeast corner is a porch sheltered by a shed roof with gabled portico at the main entrance; a small one-story shed-roofed ell is at the center of the rear. A curved walkway with shrubs on the south, complemented by a driveway on the north, lead across the front yard to the sidewalk and street.</p><br>
<p>Fenestration is irregular due to the many asymmetrical elements of the house form. On the west (front) facade many of the windows are set with nine-over-one double-hung sash windows; the exception is a wide one-over-one south of the main entrance, looking out onto the porch, and one-over-ones in the gabled projection at the north end of the attic and the shed dormer window that pierces the center of that section of roof between the gabled projection and a gambreled dormer. An oriel window projects from the center of the second story. It has an arched window surrounded by classical detailing, a wide frieze with garlands and swag on top and brackets on the bottom. Scroll brackets support the roof on the north and south ends.</p><br>
<p>Other decoration includes corbel-styled wood supports on the northeast gabled projection and a flared course of shingles separating the first and second stories below it. Another decorative course runs along the top of the other second-story windows and between the two on the south side. Between those windows and the sills of the two in the gambreled dormer is a decorative geometric woodwork pattern, with another decorative pattern on either side of the dormer&#39;s windows upper pane. Another pattern is located in the upper field of the front portico gable, above a large wooden oval "36". Smooth square wooden columns with flared capitals support the porch roof, interrupting an iron guardrail. Below the porch floor is wooden latticework.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An 1853 house had stood on the site until it burned down in 1870. It had been the rented residence of the Rev. Nathaniel Judson Burton and his wife Rachel Pine Chase Burton. He was pastor of Hartford&#39;s Fourth Congregational Church and later Park Church until his death in 1887. After the fire the property remained vacant at least until 1885, when a map of the area shows a building at the site.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s, the former Nook Farm area was one of Hartfords most desirable new neighborhoods, with a number of nationally prominent writers living within blocks of each other. Mark Twain lived on Farmington Street. Charles Dudley Warner, his coauthor on The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, a satirical novel which lent its name to the era, lived nearby. Joseph Roswell Hawley, Civil War general, former governor and later publisher of the Hartford Courant, was also in the neighborhood. John Hooker, developer of the neighborhood, and his suffragist wife, Isabella, lived in their house that stands to the southeast on Hawthorne Street. Forest Streets homes, unlike those elsewhere in the Asylum Hill neighborhood which were developed later as smaller, middle-income properties, were large and spacious.</p><br>
<p>Some sources give the date of the current houses construction as 1895. That year John Hooker and his partner, Francis Gillette, encountered difficulty in paying off the mortgage on the Nook Farm properties. Their creditor, the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, instead insisted on a 90 by lot taken from Hookers own, be conveyed to them. It was listed as the owner on next year&#39;s city atlas.</p><br>
<p>The company sold the land to A. Lyman Williston, who built the current house. Although the lot was small compared to the other Nook Farm properties, Williston was as wealthy as his neighbors, and the house he built reflects emerging tastes. Its architect is unknown, but its Queen Anne Style forms, with shingled sides, gambrel roofs, overhanging roofs and broad veranda reflect the early Shingle Style. The classical detailing shows the influence of the Free Classical mode that marked the later years of the Queen Anne Style. This prefigured the emergence of the Colonial Revival in the coming century.</p><br>
<p>A later resident of the house was the Burtons son Richard. An English professor he compiled some of his fathers lectures and sermons into a book later published as In Pulpit and Parish.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 the house was acquired by another local notable, Charles Starkweather. He was a member of Hartfords City Council, Alderman for the Tenth Ward, and a superintendent of the Hartford Trust Company, later part of the Bank of New England. It has since passed through other owners. In 1963, all 11 original Nook Farm houses across the street, including Warners, were condemned and demolished for the construction of Hartford Public High School. Many of the other old houses on the east side met a similar fate when apartments were constructed.</p><br>
<p>The house at 36 Forest is thus one of the few remaining houses from the original Nook Farm development in its immediate neighborhood. At some time since the property was listed on the National Register in the early 1980s, the house was subdivided into apartments. The management firm, the Surrey Group, used the house as its offices, and had an actual surrey parked on the lawn during that time. In the late 2000s, the company moved to one of the nearby apartment buildings, also under its management, and took the surrey off the lawn.</p><br>
<p>Grand Forks Mercantile Building is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2004. Built in 1898, the building includes Early Commercial architecture. Though the design has in the past been attributed to Grand Forks architect John W. Ross, the architects were Stoltze & Schick of La Crosse, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 112–118 N Third Street in Grand Forks. Another building, at 124 N 3rd Street, named the Grand Forks Mercantile Co., was built in 1893 and is also listed on the NRHP. Although both buildings are within the Downtown Grand Forks area, only the 1893 one was identified for NRHP listing in a 1981 study of the area. The 1893 one was listed on the NRHP in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Grand Forks Mercantile Company is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Built in 1893, the building includes Early Commercial and Italianate architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Flatiron Building, built in 1906, and the Iddings Block, built in 1892, are two other wholesale buildings in Grand Forks that were listed on the National Register, within the N. Third Street wholesale district.</p><br>
<p>It housed a wholesale grocery business.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois River Bridge, also known as the Midway Bridge, is a historic concrete arch bridge near Siloam Springs, Arkansas. It is located in Ozark National Forest, about 6 mi east of Siloam Springs, at the end of Chambers Springs Road  south of United States Route 412. The bridge has two elliptical arch spans, each spanning 68 ft, with a total structure length of 139 ft. Built in 1922 by the Luten Bridge Company of Knoxville, Tennessee, it is one of a modest number of bridges of this once-popular and common type remaining in the state.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It has also been documented in a Historic American Engineering Record report.</p><br>
<p>The Main Hall is a historic building located on the campus of Randolph College in Lynchburg, Virginia. It was built between 1891 and 1911, and is a large Queen Anne style brick building complex. The central entrance tower and eastern wings were constructed between 1891 and 1893. Two additional wings were added to the west in 1896. With the erection of a wing to the west in 1899, the building was completed according to the original plan. In 1911 an annex was added to the rear of the entrance pavilion. Further additions and renovations were made to the north elevation in 1936. Its most distinctive features is the central entrance tower with a front portico and topped by a parapet wall and capped by a classically inspired wooden cupola, crowned by a finial.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia Club is a private club located on Monument Circle in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The club was founded in 1889 and the current structure was built in 1925 as the club&#39;s third home on the same site.</p><br>
<h2>Club history</h2><br>
<p>The Columbia Club was originally formed on February 13, 1889, by a group of prominent local Republicans as the Harrison Marching Society to support the presidential campaign of Benjamin Harrison. After the election, the society acquired a clubhouse on Monument Circle and changed its name to the Columbia Club to continue operation as a private club. Quickly growing its membership, the club evolved into the premier private club in Indianapolis. The club is no longer partisan and now numbers in its ranks Democrats and members of other parties. According to the club, the founders of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (home of the Indianapolis 500) met there to discuss its construction. In 1984, secret meetings were held there to negotiate the move of the Baltimore Colts to Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>Although now non-partisan, the club has hosted every Republican president since Benjamin Harrison while in office or as a candidate and serves as temporary living quarters for many Indiana state legislators during the legislative session. In addition to the thousands of business leaders and politicians who have been members, the club has also included many artists and musicians including Hoagy Carmichael and T.C. Steele. It is located in the Washington Street-Monument Circle Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>The Columbia Club has had three clubhouses, all in the same spot on Monument Circle. The original clubhouse stood from 1889 to 1898. It was replaced with a five-story building that stood until 1925. That building was replaced with the clubs current home, a ten-story structure, designed by local architecture firm Rubush & Hunter. The club razed the 1898 building to accommodate its growing membership and popularity. Robush and Hunter followed guidelines for the new building proposed by fellow architect William Early Russ so that it would complement the Soldiers and Sailors&#39; Monument. The William P. Jungclaus Company carried out construction for the 1925 building. The Columbia Club was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The Columbia Club showcases many hallmarks of the Gothic Revival style, including a multi-story oriel window, as well as Tudor influences seen in the window arches. The building also features relief panels carved in Indiana Limestone by Alexander Sangernebo, who also created limestone carvings for other historic buildings on Monument Circle.</p><br>
<p>Inside the Columbia Club are numerous works of Hoosier artists and historic artifacts, including items from the Benjamin Harrison presidential campaign and part of the Lincoln family china collection. After a 2004 acquisition of paintings from a longtime friendly rival, the Indianapolis Athletic Club, the Columbia Club added to its existing collection and now boasts a particularly large gallery of works by members of the Hoosier Group of painters, including T.C. Steele. According to club lore, Steele would at times pay for his membership dues with paintings.</p><br>
<p>The Cottage Home Historic District  is a historic district and neighborhood located on the near east side of Indianapolis, Indiana. A small portion of Cottage Home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places while a larger area is listed on the state and local levels. Known for its preponderance of "cottage-style" homes built with strong Victorian influences, Cottage Home has historically been a working class neighborhood. Numerous industrial buildings are also scattered throughout the district, providing a base of economic activity. Today, however, many of these buildings are vacant, providing a special challenge to preservation and urban renewal efforts.</p><br>
<p>After a period of urban decay in the 1960s and 70s, common to inner city neighborhoods in Indianapolis, Cottage Home has since stemmed the loss of historic buildings and is now home to a flourishing and diverse community. Key to the areas improvement was the establishment of the Cottage Home Neighborhood Association (CHNA) in 1984, whose efforts halted the razing of residential properties by local businesses, and a renewed interest in restoring the areas homes. The Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store are the most architecturally significant buildings in the district, anchoring the districts addition to the National Register in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cottage Home is located on the near east side of Indianapolis. The neighborhood is bordered to the west by the Chatham Arch & Massachusetts Avenue Historic District, to the north by the Windsor Park neighborhood, to the east by Arsenal Technical High School and the Woodruff Place Historic District and to the south by the Holy Cross neighborhood. Most of the district is built on a traditional grid plan, broken up by Pogue&#39;s Run cutting across the southeast portion.</p><br>
<h3>National Register boundaries</h3><br>
<p>The originally drawn boundaries of the Cottage Home Historic District, still the current boundaries of the National Register district, are much smaller than the state and locally designated boundaries. Comprising the 700 block of Dorman Street, 1102 to 1130 East St. Clair Street and 802 and 806 North Highland Avenue, 23 properties are included in the National Register district. Anchored by the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store, these boundaries also include the Vonnegut & Bohn doubles and sixteen other houses. This area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1990.</p><br>
<h3>State and local boundaries</h3><br>
<p>Cottage Home received designation as a historic district at the state level on the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures in 1995 with expanded boundaries. In 2008, the neighborhood worked with the Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission to develop a conservation plan and became a locally designated Conservation District, following the boundaries of the state listing. The Cottage Home Conservation District is bounded by a CSX right-of-way between I-70/I-65 and Dorman Street to the west, 10th Street to the north, Oriental Street to the east, and Michigan Street to the south. As the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store had already been designated locally by the Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission, the local boundaries do not include those two properties, while the state boundaries do. Including the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store, Cottage Home contains 320 parcels and 292 buildings, over half of which are residential.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to development as an Indianapolis neighborhood, the area now known as Cottage Home was part of two farms owned by prominent Indiana citizens. The land south of St. Clair Street belonged to Noah Noble, fifth Governor of Indiana who bankrupted the State with the passage of the Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act. The land north of St. Clair Street belonged to Robert Hanna, who was a member of the Indiana constitutional convention and succeeded Nobles brother James as USA Senator upon Jamess death in 1831. After the railroad reached Indianapolis in 1847, the resulting economic boom pushed the citys boundaries out beyond the Mile Square. By the end of the Civil War, the arsenal, which would later be adapted for use as Arsenal Technical High School, was built on the eastern border of Cottage Home and the streetcar reached St. Clair Street just a few blocks to the west, providing access to jobs for the areas residents. The Noble farm was platted in 1865 and the Hanna farm in 1868, and both additions were annexed to the City of Indianapolis in 1870.</p><br>
<p>After annexation, Cottage Home experienced strong growth in housing. Almost 400 households were located in the area by 1900, nearly three-quarters of which were being rented. Initially, most of the residents of Cottage Home were immigrant families or African American, though that percentage steadily declined into the twentieth century. This strong growth in housing and population was accompanied by an expansion in the commercial and industrial sectors, due to the neighborhood&#39;s proximity to the railroad and streetcar. By 1915, new construction largely ended, and the architectural character of the area was established.</p><br>
<p>Indianapolis continued to experience strong growth through the 1960s and 70s, but the population of Cottage Home and other inner-city neighborhoods was reduced by migration to the suburbs in the process of urban sprawl. As Cottage Home was within the flood zone of Pogues Run, residents began to leave for other areas. In addition, I-70/I-65s construction required demolishing homes on the west side of the neighborhood, leaving it bordered with a high-traffic roadway. By the 1980s, more than 100 houses had been demolished in Cottage Home. A renewed interest in historic restoration and the establishment of the Cottage Home Neighborhood Association (CHNA) in 1984 reversed the demolition trend; the area has since lost only six homes to fire or demolition. CHNA led the effort for the unique neighborhood to be designated as a historic district, achieving addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, the State Register in 1995, and city designation in 2008. Today, while infill has been slow, the neighborhood continues as a vibrant and active community.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Cottage Home derives its name from a subdivision in the northern part of the neighborhood. It is also the predominant form of architecture in the district, Queen Anne and Folk Victorian-style cottages. All historic residential properties fall under these styles, with the notable exception of the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house, which combines Romanesque Revival features with Queen Anne architecture. Commercial and industrial buildings in the district were usually built either in the Italianate tradition or the Art Deco style, depending on their age.</p><br>
<p>Residences in Cottage Home are typified by spindlework porches, turned posts, gable ornaments, variegated and fishscale shingling and gingerbread trim, features often found in Queen Anne and Folk Victorian homes. These types of detailing were placed on simple folk homes as an inexpensive way to provide varied design and personalization. This practice was common in Victorian-era working-class neighborhoods such as Cottage Home.</p><br>
<h2>Notable features</h2><br>
<p>As a working-class neighborhood, Cottage Home comprises primarily modest residential designs, with the notable exception of the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house. A rich history as a thriving Indianapolis neighborhood, however, gives the district additional significance. Below are a few of the most notable properties and features of Cottage Home.</p><br>
<h3>Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House and Store</h3><br>
<p>The architectural focal point of Cottage Home, the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House and Store were both built by Frederick Ruskaup. Ruskaup was a German immigrant who came to the United States in 1869 at the age of 25. By 1875, he purchased two lots on Dorman Street in present-day Cottage Home. At 713 Dorman Street, he opened a grocery store and the Ruskaup family lived upstairs. He added as L-shaped addition to the north and east of the store in 1885. The success of his grocery store and many rental properties allowed Ruskaup in 1892 to hire the prominent Indianapolis architecture firm Vonnegut & Bohn to design a house for his family next door at 711 Dorman Street. Descendants of Frederick Ruskaup lived at the house and operated the store until 1957, when it was sold to the Ratcliffe sisters. The properties were sold again in the 1980s to their current owner. The house has been restored and the store has had extensive facade improvements.</p><br>
<p>The Ruskaup grocery store was built in the Italianate style, common to Midwestern buildings in the 1870s. Attic windows and decorative brackets in the cornice line give the store detail accentuating the first-floor stone pilasters and second-story window hoods.</p><br>
<p>The architects combined Romanesque Revival details with Queen Anne architecture to create a unique style for the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House. As Romanesque Revival drew inspiration from traditional German architecture, it was popular among German immigrants such as Frederick Ruskaup. Vonnegut & Bohn, ethnic German Americans, drew from German influences, as evidenced by their later masterpiece, the Athenæum (Das Deutsche Haus). In contrast to the neighboring store, and reflective of the houses being constructed on Dorman Street, the architects drew on the mainstream Queen Anne style for the basic massing of the house. This is shown in the asymmetrical facade, with a wrap-around porch and tower. The Romanesque Revival is expressed in the varied window sizes, stone detailing in the cornice and window hoods, and a stepped front gable. The interior is equally impressive, featuring inlaid floors and a cartouche above the entryways to the stairwell and dining room, all trademarks of Vonnegut & Bohn designs. The original imported stained glass windows were removed from the house in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<h3>Vonnegut & Bohn Doubles, 702-720 Dorman Street</h3><br>
<p>Another legacy of Frederick Ruskaup, the series of duplexes known as the Vonnegut & Bohn Doubles provide great historic and architectural significance to the National Register district and neighborhood as a whole. In 1888, Ruskaup&#39;s business success prompted him to build a series of several duplexes as rental properties. Most of the doubles, as well as two cottages in the 700 block of Dorman Street burned to the ground in October 1890. Ruskaup quickly rebuilt, including brick fire walls in the three southernmost doubles across from his grocery store and future house.</p><br>
<p>The architecture firm of Vonnegut & Bohn was hired to design the houses, who Ruskaup later hired to build his own house. However, in contrast to the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House and other Vonnegut & Bohn buildings, these duplexes possess a more mainstream Italianate appearance. Symmetrical facades, hipped roofs, and full-length, gabled spindlework porches are common to the Queen Anne style and all five duplexes.</p><br>
<p>The Vonnegut & Bohn Doubles are also notable, along with the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House, as the oldest extant Vonnegut & Bohn-designed residences in Indianapolis.</p><br>
<h3>Dorman Street Saloon, 901 Dorman Street</h3><br>
<p>While architecturally plain, the Dorman Street Saloon has long played an important role in the lives of Cottage Home residents. The corner structure was originally built as a house in the early 1870s. Operating as a grocery in the 1910s, the business became a bar in the late 1910s. After the end of Prohibition, it was known as Anackers 9th Street Tavern, The Mahogany Bar (still nicknamed "The Hog"), and Mays Lounge, the Dorman Street Saloon has served for years as a popular neighborhood meeting place. A popular rumor claims that infamous criminal John Dillinger frequented the Dorman Street Saloon while preparing for his heist of the Massachusetts Avenue State Bank, only a couple blocks away.</p><br>
<h3>Kroger Grocery & Bakery Company Building</h3><br>
<p>At 200,000 ft&sup2, the Kroger Grocery & Bakery Company Building is easily the largest building in Cottage Home.</p><br>
<h3>Sidewalks and curbs</h3><br>
<p>When Cottage Home was built, high-quality brick sidewalks and limestone curbs lined the streets. Today, some of these sidewalks and curbs remain and are cherished by the neighborhood as important features of the historic district. Brick sidewalks remain on portions of Highland Avenue and Dorman Street, including in front of the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store. Stone curbs can still be found on portions of Highland Avenue, Dorman Street, Stillwell Street, and Oriental Street.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>The Cottage Home Neighborhood Association has sponsored an annual block party since 1984, which has several times been named the best block party of Indianapolis by local alt weekly NUVO. Cottage Home also participates in Near East Side Community Organization (NESCO), a coalition of near east side Indianapolis neighborhoods and not-for-profits promoting community development. Residents of Cottage Home are within the bounds of Indianapolis Public Schools, attending Washington Irving Elementary School, Emma Donnan Middle School, and Arsenal Technical High School.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Forks Riverside Neighborhood Historic District is a 112 acre historic district in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>According to The Herald, citing Peg O&#39;Leary, coordinator of the Grand Forks Historic Preservation Commission:</p><br>
<p>It is the third historic district designated in Grand Forks (the others are the Downtown Grand Forks Historic District and the Grand Forks Near Southside Historic District).The district includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals and Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements architecture.</p><br>
<p>When listed, the district included 116 contributing buildings, two contributing structures, and one contributing site.</p><br>
<p>Also included are 54 non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The New Hampshire Apartments in Grand Forks, North Dakota were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. They were built in 1904 at a cost of $26,000 and were significant as a building designed by architect Joseph Bell DeRemer. The apartments were an example of commercial vernacular architecture, and the building was the first in Grand Forks to have a planned second-story-level walkway to another building . It was built by the Dinnie Brothers, a construction firm that was established in 1881 and was at one time responsible for the building of more than 60 percent of the commercial buildings in Grand Forks.</p><br>
<p>A historical marker indicates that the building was destroyed in the 1997 Red River flood and fire. It was officially delisted from the National Register in 2018.</p><br>
<p>The Solar Building, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was the world&#39;s first commercial building to be heated primarily by solar energy. It was built in 1956 to house the engineering firm of Bridgers & Paxton, who were responsible for the heating system design. The novel building received widespread attention, with articles in national publications like Life and Popular Mechanics, and was the subject of a National Science Foundation-funded research project in the 1970s. It was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, only 33 years after it was built.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The firm of Bridgers & Paxton Consulting Engineers was founded in 1951 by Frank Bridgers (1922–2005) and Donald Paxton (1912–2007), both of whom were interested in the potential applications of solar energy. the two men conceived a new office building for their firm which would include an experimental solar heating system. They believed such a system would not only save money, but would also allow them to collect valuable data for future projects. In 1954, they were able to put some of their ideas into practice with an innovative heating and cooling system for the Simms Building, which took advantage of the building&#39;s south-facing glass curtain wall to provide solar heating in winter. However, additional heating or cooling was still required under most conditions.</p><br>
<p>Bridgers and Paxton began serious design work on the Solar Building in early 1954, and it was constructed between March and August 1956. Stanley & Wright were the architects for the building. Its total cost was $58,500, of which the heating and cooling system made up about $15,000—roughly twice the cost of a conventional system. However, Bridgers and Paxton believed the reduced operating costs would save money in the long run. The novel building attracted considerable attention, receiving write-ups in a number of national publications including Architectural Forum, Progressive Architecture, and Popular Mechanics, and directly inspired a number of subsequent active solar heating systems.</p><br>
<p>Despite some minor problems, the building&#39;s heating system operated successfully for six years, even during the particularly cold and cloudy month of January 1957, which recorded only three sunny days. However, it was not as economical as Bridgers and Paxton had hoped, mainly due to the extremely low cost of fuel at the time. When the building was expanded in 1962, the solar collector was abandoned in favor of a conventional boiler system, though the equipment was left intact for possible future use. Following the conclusion of the project, the solar heating system remained in use.</p><br>
<p>Bridgers & Paxton eventually outgrew the building, moving to a new location in 1985. The Solar Building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The building was considered "exceptionally significant", justifying its inclusion in the National Register even though it was only 33 years old at the time.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Solar Building is a one-story, International Style building consisting of two main sections. The north wing, containing the main drafting room as well as the solar heating equipment, made up the main portion of the original building. It has an irregular quadrilateral cross-section with the roof and south wall both angled (at 20 and 30 degrees, respectively) in order to provide a high southern exposure for the solar collectors. The wing is framed by seven structural steel bents, spaced 18 ft apart and filled in with wooden ceiling joists and masonry. The north wall has a narrow, continuous band of windows running just below the roofline which light the drafting room, while the street-facing eastern elevation is windowless brick. The south wing is a low, flat-roofed structure containing office space. It is partially faced with brick, marking the original extent of the building; it was later extended with an addition in 1962. The main entrance is positioned at the intersection of the two wings.</p><br>
<h2>Heating system</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s active solar heating system employed an array of 56 solar thermal collectors with a total area of 800 ft&sup2;. The array was positioned on a south-facing exterior wall which was angled at 30 degrees to the vertical in order to catch the maximum amount of winter sunlight. The collectors were custom-fabricated aluminum panels with built-in flow channels for water to pass through. The surface of each collector was coated with low-reflectivity black paint and a layer of glass to capture the maximum amount of thermal energy.</p><br>
<p>In sunny weather, water passing through the collectors would reach a maximum temperature of 140 &deg;F before being deposited in a 6,000-gallon insulated underground tank which provided a hot water reserve for up to three days of cloudy weather. Under normal conditions (about 90% of an average heating season), the water in the tank would be warm enough to directly heat the building by circulating it through radiant panels in the floor and ceiling. If the temperature in the tank dropped due to prolonged cloudy weather, a heat pump could be employed to maintain the hot water supply to the panels. The heat pump was a standard commercial water chiller unit, but with heating rather than cooling as its intended purpose—chilling the water in the tank and delivering the "waste" heat to the hot water stream. The heat pump could continue to function as long as the tank temperature remained above 35 &deg;F.</p><br>
<p>In summer, the system could also provide cooling by circulating cold water through the building rather than hot water. In this mode, the storage tank became a reservoir for cold water, which allowed the system to save energy in milder weather by storing heat during the day and releasing it at night when the outside temperatures were lower. Most of the time, the water in the tank could be kept cool using only an evaporative cooler. If the water in the tank got too warm, the heat pump would go back into operation in order to continue transferring heat from the cold water stream into the tank. It was also possible to operate in cooling mode during the day while storing hot water from the solar collectors and heat pump to heat the building at night.</p><br>
<p>Minor changes were made to the system during its operational life. One of the first problems that arose was corrosion of the collector panels, which originally had integral flow channels formed from two bonded sheets of aluminum. After leaks started to develop, the flow channels were replaced with copper tubing attached to the back of the panels. Gilman made additional modifications to the system in the 1970s, including changing the working fluid in the collector loop to ethylene glycol (in order to prevent freezing) and re-soldering the collector panels for better thermal contact. Gilman also installed an automated control system and upgraded the air handling equipment to allow individual temperature control for each office. Despite the modifications, the system remains mostly intact as originally designed.</p><br>
<p>The Skinner Building is a historic building in Albuquerque, New Mexico, considered to be one of the best examples of Art Deco architecture in the city. Originally a grocery store owned by J.A. Skinner, it was designed by local architect A.W. Boehning and built in 1931. The building is of brick construction, with a street facade of white terra cotta tile on the north and west sides. Its exterior features a variety of decorative details including fluted towers, grill work, stained glass, and geometric patterns. The Skinner Building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>A controversial balcony was added to the building in 2001 after being narrowly approved by the city Landmarks and Urban Conservation Commission, with one commissioner resigning in protest over the decision. As required by the city, the balcony is freestanding and does not actually touch the building.</p><br>
<p>St. Alban&#39;s Episcopal Church, also known as Chapel of the Cross, is a historic Episcopal church building located in Littleton, Halifax County, North Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was completed in 1891, and is a mostly vernacular building with the Carpenter Gothic features of lancet windows and doors. On April 20, 2011, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>St. Alban&#39;s Episcopal Church is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina with regular Sunday services at 9:30 AM.</p><br>
<p>The Palace Lodge is a historic commercial building in the small town of Winslow, Indiana, United States. Since its construction in the late nineteenth century, the building has been the location of several businesses, the meeting place for two different secret societies, and the center of the town&#39;s commercial district. It has been declared a historic site because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late nineteenth century, Winslow was the home of two different fraternal orders: the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. Seeing the benefits of coöperation, the two lodges worked together to erect a building in downtown Winslow, at the intersection of Main (now State Road 61) and Center Streets. After the building was finished in 1892, the two lodges used it jointly: their meetings were held on the first story, and they employed the second story as office space.</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately for the lodges, they became encumbered by debt soon after the buildings construction, and their financial difficulties required them to sell the building in 1898. Local businessman Logan Robling purchased the property, which he converted into a general store. After his son Monroe Robling left the peddling business, the two men operated it together under the name of "L. Robling and Son." They remained in business until 1946, when they sold the property to Monroes daughter Winifred and her husband, Neil Brown; the Browns operated a grocery store on the property for thirty-five years. Both the general store and the grocery store only occupied the first floor of the building; the second floor was typically used for office space or as apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Palace Lodge is a rectangular Italianate building; its front faces west toward Main Street, and its northern side is exposed to Center Street. Two stories tall, it is 23 ft wide and 90 ft from front to back. The front and side are divided into two and six bays respectively. A distinctive portion of its plan is the northwestern corner of the building, which features a small side angled 45° from both front and side, instead of the right angle found on the other corners. Customers may enter through any of three doorways: one each in the rear and the middle of the northern side, and one through the angle in the building&#39;s northwestern corner. The building is lit by multiple sizes of windows: the first-floor windows facing Center are small and high above ground level, the second-floor windows on both sides are large, and the two first-floor windows facing Main are large and feature prominent transoms.</p><br>
<p>Although the Palace Lodge is built of brick, many of its architectural details are formed from cast iron. The original cast-iron storefront survives on the first floor of the western side of the building, as do the iron brackets that form the cornice over the western front and northwestern corner. Conversely, the northern side is entirely brick, including the cornice and the two prominent chimneys.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the lodge retains its original floor plan: the first floor is a single large room, while six rooms compose the second floor. The walls of the interior rooms are covered with plaster, their floors are a mix of oak and pine, and the interior structure rests upon large beams of oak.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>After the closure of the Brown Grocery Store, the Palace Lodge was vacant for a time, but it was purchased by a new owner who began to formulate plans to remodel it to have space both for offices and apartments as well as the traditional shop. Today, the lodge building is home to Outfitters Station, a clothing and leather goods store that was founded in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The oldest commercial structure in Winslow, the Palace Lodge is the town&#39;s best-preserved example of business blocks completed in the late nineteenth century. Because of its unusually well preserved architecture, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984; it was the first property in Pike County to be given this distinction, and it was the only such property until a similar recognition was given to the Patoka Bridges Historic District in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Oneida Street Station, also known as the East Wells Power Plant, was a power plant operated by The Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Company. Constructed from 1898 to 1900, it was designed by architect Herman Esser in neoclassical revival style. The building is located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the Milwaukee River and Wells Street, which was once known as Oneida Street. The company began operating electric street cars in 1890. Their expanding network of streetcar and interurban railway lines were powered by several of their own power plants. As the company generated more power than they used, they sold the excess electricity, and, as Wisconsin Energy Corporation, eventually became the major supplier of power to eastern Wisconsin. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers  describes the plant as the "first central power station in the United States to be equipped and successfully operated with pulverized coal."</p><br>
<p>The oldest building of the complex is the machine shop and boiler room #2, designed by E. Townsend Mix and built in 1890 for the Edison Illuminating Company. In 1896 the company and building were merged into the Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company. In 1900 TMER&L built the Oneida Street Plant just south of the old Edison building. Boiler room #3 was added north of the Edison building in 1923 and 1925. Boiler room #4 was added in 1938.</p><br>
<p>From 1918 to 1920, the plant was the site of pioneering experiments into the use of pulverized coal-fired boilers. The chief engineer for the company directed experiments to determine whether pulverized coal would conserve fuel and reduced the cost of electrical power. This change was seen as controversial, and was opposed by many engineers. However, pulverized coal was determined to be much more efficient than stoker firing in the central station boilers. In addition to the change in the coal, a "water screen" was developed to reduce the temperature of the waste ash, to prevent it from fusing as slag on the floor of the boiler. Soon, boilers all over the country began using pulverized coal, due to the greater efficiency of the process. For this, the site is recognized as a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, in 1980, by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic places in 1984. However, the power plant was decommissioned and the building was renovated in 1987. The building currently houses the Patty and Jay Baker Theater Complex and the Milwaukee Repertory Theater.</p><br>
<p>Quarters One  is the former residence of the highest-ranking officer at Rock Island Arsenal in Rock Island, Illinois on the banks of the Mississippi River. At 51 rooms and 21,965 ft&sup2, Quarters One is the second-largest federal residence in the United States, behind the White House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Work begun on Quarters One under General Thomas S. Rodman in May 1870 and was completed in 1872 under Major Flagler. The home was built for the purpose of providing quarters for the highest-ranking officer as well as providing space for official gatherings and functions. The building was designed in the Italianate style. The first major gathering held in the residence was in 1871 for the funeral of General Rodman. Tours are offered occasionally, and the building is available to rent for weddings, bridal parties, and other social and ceremonial events. In 2011, it was estimated that at least $6 million in work was needed.</p><br>
<p>The Eugenia Apartments in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a two-story apartment building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A Colonial Revival structure built in 1911, it was added to the register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The nomination form for the building describes it as a well-preserved example of the many medium-scale multi-family dwellings built in inner southeast Portland between 1910 and 1930. The Eugenia Apartments has four apartments on each of its main floors as well as three living units in the basement. Pedimented and arched dormers, a formal facade and prominent portico, and decorative details such as fanlights are among the building&#39;s notable features.</p><br>
<p>The Gustave Bartman House in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a two-and-a-half-story dwelling listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A Queen Anne structure built in 1892, it was added to the register in 1989. Bartman, a contractor, may have built the house.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house consists of two essentially identical apartments, one on each floor. Designed during the Victorian era, the structure is a well-preserved example of a southeast Portland duplex. It was built just one year after the city of East Portland became part of the growing city of Portland. Notable features include a full-height window bay, imbricated shingles, and a double veranda.</p><br>
<p>The Nu Wray Inn is an historic hotel located at Burnsville, Yancey County, North Carolina. It was built in 1833 at the time Yancey County was formed and a year before Burnsville was established. It was originally built of logs and had eight bedrooms and a dining room and kitchen. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Wolfe spent the night there in 1929 when he was a witness at a murder trial in Burnsville. Elvis Presley and William Sidney Porter (O. Henry) were also guests.</p><br>
<p>It was owned by the same family for a century until the death of Wray family patriarch Rush Wray.</p><br>
<p>Writing about the Inn in 1941 the journalist Jonathan W. Daniels said:</p><br>
<p>Everything is on the table in the Nu-Wray Hotel at Burnsville. Nobody waits to give an order. They bring it in, three or four kinds of meat, all the vegetables of the whole mountain countryside. There are dishes of homemade jellies and preserves. The country ham is excellent. The stout tables do not groan but the stuffed guest rising sometimes does. It is country plenty, country cooked and country served, but in proof that the persisting homesickness for country eating is not entirely based on legend.</p><br>
<p>It was purchased by new owners in 2021, and has been under renovation since then. It acted as an important hub for recovery efforts in the aftermath of Hurricane Helene. It housed 16 members of the New York Swift Water Rescue team before and after the storm. They also worked with World Central Kitchen and fed hundreds of people every day during the recovery.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin W. Farrer House in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a two-story dwelling listed on the National Register of Historic Places. An American Craftsman structure built in 1914, it was added to the register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house, originally a single-family dwelling, has been converted to two apartments, one on each floor. The house is locally unusual in its use of cast stone as a homebuilding material. Other notable features include elements of Prairie School architecture such as a low-pitched gable roof, an offset main entrance, exaggerated eave overhangs, and a strong emphasis on horizontal lines.</p><br>
<p>Farrer was the original owner. Born in 1867 in Minnesota, he moved in infancy to Damascus, Oregon, with his parents. In 1902, he began work for the United States Post Office Department in Portland, for which he delivered mail for 30 years. He occupied the house until his death in 1961.</p><br>
<p>The Fountain, also known as Walnut Fountain and the Colonel Davenport House, is a historic plantation home located at Yadkin Valley, Caldwell County, North Carolina. It was built in 1807, and is a two-story, T-shaped frame dwelling with Federal and Greek Revival style design elements. Also on the property is a contributing brick well house/dairy .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The William D. Fenton House in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a 2.5-story, single-family dwelling listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in the Queen Anne style in 1892, it was added to the register in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Notable features of the asymmetrical house include many porches and projections, intricate decorative elements, variegated siding, a wrap-around veranda, a flare-top chimney, and a stained-glass side door. Much of the original interior woodwork, including the wainscoting and trim, is intact. The parlor and the master bedroom have elaborate fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>Fenton (1853&ndash;1925), for whom the house was built, was a prominent lawyer and the general counsel for the Southern Pacific Railroad in Oregon. In 1865, at age 12, he moved by wagon train from Missouri to Portland with his family. After his admission to the Oregon bar in 1875, he was elected to the state legislature as a Democrat. He moved to Portland in 1885, where he worked for the railroad and other corporations. Fenton, one of the founders of the Oregon Historical Society, helped set up the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland in 1905. Fenton Hall, which housed the University of Oregon School of Law from 1937 through 1970, was renamed for him in 1938.</p><br>
<p>The Greenfield Union School is a school located at 420 West 7 Mile Road in Detroit, Michigan. A part of Detroit Public Schools , the school building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Greenfield Union School was built by Greenfield Township for its District #1. The school was designed by Van Leyen & Schilling, and construction began in 1914. The school was completed in 1916 at a cost of $40,000, and the school opened its doors to elementary through high school students. That same year, Greenfield Township was annexed by the city of Detroit. As more residents moved to the area, the school became too crowded. High school students were transferred to other buildings, and in 1931, an addition containing several classrooms, an auditorium, and a gymnasium was constructed. This addition was also designed by Van Leyen & Schilling. In 1944, middle school students were also transferred.</p><br>
<p>As of 2011, the school is used by the Detroit Public Schools for elementary and middle school students. The school serves Chaldean Town.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The core block of the Greenfield Union School, constructed in 1914-1916, is a tall, rectangular, side-gabled, Georgian Revival red brick structure on a high basement. The front of the building has a full-height tetrastyle entry portico, styled in the Corinthian order and topped with a triangular pediment. A denticulated cornice wraps around the entire building. The entry doors beneath the portico are reached by a flight of several steps. The windows in this building consist of three large, separate openings on each floor in the center bay, and a grouping of four multi-light windows on each floor on the flanking bays.</p><br>
<p>Two Georgian Revival wings, built in 1931, flank the main block of the school, giving it an overall H-shaped plan. These wings are identical, brick, flat-roofed structures. The side elevations of each wing features two-story, round-arched windows. A single-story 1971 addition is connected to the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the school features an entry vestibule beyond the main doors, leading to a corridor housing administrative offices. Stairs on either side of the corridor lead upwards to classrooms, and to the two-story gymnasium wing (to the west) and the two-story auditorium (to the east). The</p><br>
<p>gymnasium has tall Palladian windows with wood trim and exposed masonry walls. The auditorium contains a stage with decorative plaster trim, with a relief framing the windows wrapping to the rear of the auditorium. The original kindergarten room is now the library, and contains a protruding bay window with wood seats below, as well as a fireplace with a decorative Pewabic tile surround and a drinking fountain niche with Pewabic tile on all three sides.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>In 1994 about 65% of the students were of Arab origin, 30% were black, and 5% were non-Arab white. The school initiated a 20-day long summer program to improve Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) test scores and English ability, catering to Middle Eastern communities.</p><br>
<p>The Nettie Krouse Fourplex in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a 2.5-story multiple dwelling listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in the American Craftsman style in 1910, it was added to the register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The four units of the building are entered through separate exterior doors. Each floor has two apartments that are mirror images of one another. The fourplex is a good example of the many small-scale multi-family dwellings built in this part of Portland between 1905 and 1912. Notable features of the building include its rectangular form, broad overhanging eaves, wide porch, and multi-lit windows.</p><br>
<p>Krouse, the original owner, at first lived in a house across the street but eventually moved into the apartment building. She resided there until her death in 1954.</p><br>
<p>The Siloam Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Marion, Alabama, affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention. The current brick Greek Revival building was completed in 1848.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Siloam Baptist Church was founded in June 1822, about the same time as the city of Marion. The principal founder was the pioneer preacher, Charles Crow. The first meetinghouse was built of logs; the second was an elaborate frame church built in 1837. Both of these church buildings were located near what is now the Marion Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In 1838, members of Siloam founded Judson College. In 1842 Howard College, now Samford University in Birmingham was also started in Marion by the Baptists. It was here in 1844 that the Baptist State Convention adopted the “Alabama Resolutions” resulting in the separation of southern and northern Baptists in 1845, thus the beginning of the Southern Baptist Convention. The Home Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention held its organizational meeting here in 1845 around the table which still sits in the Memorial Parlor.</p><br>
<p>In November 1847, Siloam purchased the land on which the present church stands. L. Y. Tarrant was the architect and builder of the new church. Most of the work was done by slave labor; the bricks were made of local clay. The building was to be eighty-five feet by fifty feet with a full basement; the spire was to be one hundred twenty feet from the base. There was no concrete foundation; it was built on what was called a spread footing. A four-foot trench was dug and the entire trench filled with a layer of bricks four feet wide. The next layer came with one-half brick on each side and again consisted of a solid layer. This continued until the wall was two feet thick and then continued up at that width.</p><br>
<p>The building was dedicated and put into service in 1849. At the time of dedication Siloam was the largest church west of Augusta, Georgia and was looked upon as the most vital church in the south west. Marion was the center of mission work in Alabama and throughout the South. The Alabama State Convention met here every other year from 1848 to 1868.</p><br>
<p>The sanctuary was plainly furnished. It was lighted by oil lamps hung in chandeliers and in wall brackets. The windows had three large sashes with small clear glass panes; these heavy sashes were on pulleys and cords, and were raised from the bottom and lowered from the top.</p><br>
<p>Members of this church were instrumental in establishing both Judson College in 1838 and Howard College, now Samford University, in 1841.</p><br>
<p>An early writing tells us that the gallery took in three sides of the sanctuary and was occupied by slaves - thus stairs are entered from the outside. After the Civil War and the emancipation of the salves, Siloam helped establish Berean Baptist Church. The steeple on Berean is a duplicate of the original steeple on Siloam, which was replaced in 1949 after a fire.</p><br>
<p>“The Alabama Baptist” was first published in 1849 in Marion. It continued to be published here from 1849 to 1852 and again from 1874 to 1877.</p><br>
<p>In 1894, Siloam&#39;s galleries were removed and the balcony was constructed, the stained glass windows were put in place. A pipe organ was installed, it was operated by a hand pump and bellows. In 1922 the organ was converted to an electric motor driven pump.</p><br>
<p>The year 1926 brought the construction of an educational building at the back of the original sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>In 1955 an extensive renovation program was carried out in the historic sanctuary. The walls and ceilings were replastered and painted, a new lighting system was installed, together with air conditioning. New carpets were laid and the pews refinished. The old pipe organ was replaced by an electronic organ.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial Parlor was established and furnished in 1958 as a fitting place in which to house the historical relics of Siloam.</p><br>
<p>In 1959 the church approved a program leading to construction of an educational wing for use by the Judson and Marion Institute students and the younger children. A joint effort of the Alabama Baptist State Convention and Siloam Baptist Church made possible the erection of this new educational unit.</p><br>
<p>The present Wicks organ was installed in 1974.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, Siloam Baptist Church was named to THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORICAL PLACES by the United States Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<p>The last major renovation of the sanctuary was done in the summer of 1997. A new sound system was installed, the floors were reinforced and refinished. The pews were refinished and new pew cushions and new carpet were installed. A new roof replaced the old and the walls were painted.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the long dream of many Siloam members came true as an elevator was installed that would service the sanctuary and all floors for the educational building that was built in 1959.</p><br>
<h2>Pastors List</h2><br>
<h3>The Pastors of Siloam</h3><br>
<p>Charles Crow 1822-1830</p><br>
<p>William Calloway 1830-1833</p><br>
<p>James Veazy 1833-1835</p><br>
<p>Samuel Larkin 1835-1836</p><br>
<p>Peter Crawford 1836-1840</p><br>
<p>James H. DeVotie 1840-1855</p><br>
<p>William H. McIntosh 1855-1871</p><br>
<p>Edwin T. Winkler 1872-1883</p><br>
<p>Augustus C. Davidson 1884-1887</p><br>
<p>Henry D. D. Stratton 1887-1890</p><br>
<p>John L. Lawless 1890-1895</p><br>
<p>Robert G. Patrick 1895-1896</p><br>
<p>Paul V. Bomer 1897-1913</p><br>
<p>George T. Waite 1913-1917</p><br>
<p>Harry A. Bagby 1918-1921</p><br>
<p>R. Kelly White 1922-1926</p><br>
<p>Richard K. Redwine 1927-1932</p><br>
<p>Samuel H. Jones 1932-1939</p><br>
<p>Ralph E. Gwin 1939-1942</p><br>
<p>Harry E. Dickinson 1943-1946</p><br>
<p>Joseph N. Triplett 1947-1954</p><br>
<p>W. E. Prout 1955-1963</p><br>
<p>Ian G. C. Walker 1964-1965</p><br>
<p>T. B. Stringfellow 1965-1968</p><br>
<p>Douglas White 1969-1972</p><br>
<p>Donald N. Paulson 1973-1976</p><br>
<p>David W. Renaker 1977-1987</p><br>
<p>Robbins Sims 1988-1991</p><br>
<p>Michael Perry 1993-2003</p><br>
<p>William R. “Bill” Cannon 2005-2006</p><br>
<p>Scott Schuyler 2007-2009</p><br>
<p>John W. Nicholson Jr. 2010-</p><br>
<p>The Red Men Hall, later known as Century Hall, is a historic four-story building located in Reading, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>Red Men</h2><br>
<p>The building originally served as a meeting place for the local lodge or "wigwam" of the Improved Order of Red Men. The Red Men are a fraternal organization which imitate perceived Native American customs. However, this location consisted exclusively of German Americans. The organization had numerous chapters in Pennsylvania beginning in the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Constructed by the Red Men in 1900, the four-story brick facade building displays American Craftsman style architectural designs with Renaissance Revival elements, and includes decorative tiles by Henry Chapman Mercer. Later, the structure served as a rental hall called Century Hall, capitalizing on the building being built at the turn of the century.</p><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places added the structure in 2000. The building now consists of 15 low-income senior housing units.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple-Hoquiam, in Hoquiam, Washington, is a three-storey Beaux-Arts Masonic building that was constructed in 1922.</p><br>
<p>It includes a two-storey ballroom. It was designed by Sutton & Whitney, a Portland- and Tacoma-based partnership of Albert Sutton and Harrison A. Whitney. Sutton was a 33rd Degree Mason.</p><br>
<p>An elevator tower was added in 1949.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Oregon Masonic Hall or Oregon Masonic Lodge is a highly-intact 1898 building in Oregon, Wisconsin - with the second story finely decorated using cream and red brick and red sandstone. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Oregon&#39;s Masonic Lodge 151 was chartered in 1865. The lodge built a hall at 134 S. Main and met there until 1873, when it burned. After the fire they met in the Netherwood Block for about 20 years. In 1898 H.H. Marvin, one of their members, offered that the lodge could build a new hall above his new store. That combination became the structure that is the subject of this article.</p><br>
<p>The building is two stories, with a 25 ft by 86 ft footprint. It was built with a cast iron storefront with three show windows at street-level, and that storefront still exists. Above that, the masons decorated their halls facade with multi-colored brickwork which highlights oriental-flavored ogee arches above the two large windows, the Masons square and compass symbol, and a parapet high above.</p><br>
<p>Originally the stone basement housed a barber shop, accessed by an outside stairwell which no longer exists. The first floor of the building was occupied by Marvin&#39;s hardware store. The Masons occupied the second story, with the space divided into a reception room, a bathroom, ante-rooms, and a lodge room with raised platforms along the outside walls.</p><br>
<p>The building was deemed to be "an outstanding and highly intact example of late nineteenth century eclectic commercial design."</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Place, or the Henry Bond Fargo House, is a historic residence in Geneva, Illinois in the Mission Revival style. The house was owned by Henry Bond Fargo, a prominent local businessmen who brought several early industries to Geneva. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Bond Fargo was born in 1843 in Warsaw, New York. Fargo was the fourth cousin, once removed of William George Fargo, one of the founders of Wells Fargo and Company. Fargo began to work in real estate in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. He was successful in these endeavors, and E. A. Cummings and Co., the largest real estate business in Chicago, Illinois, offered him a position as a principal salesman, which he accepted. He moved to the far suburb of Geneva in 1887 to continue his career.</p><br>
<p>Fargo ordered the construction of a new house in 1898 just west of the Fox River. It took two years to complete the house; in the meantime, Fargos wife Annie Elizabeth Fargo died in 1899. In her honor, he named the new dwelling Elizabeth Place. Fargo was elected Genevas mayor in 1903 and served for a full year; he was later re-elected mayor from 1907 to 1910. Two years later, he was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives and served a two-year term. In 1919, he petitioned Geneva to rename the street of his residence Elizabeth Place to match the house&#39;s name. Henry Bond Fargo was a lifelong Freemason, and offered his home to the Masons upon his death in 1932. However, his children struck a deal with the Masons to instead donate a separate property at State and Second Streets, and the house remained in the family. The residence and coach house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Elizabeth Place is an example of a Mission Revival style residence. Most early residences in Geneva were either of Greek Revival or Italianate influence, making Elizabeth Place architecturally distinct in the immediate area. Inspired by Spanish missions in California, the style eventually spread throughout the nation in the early 20th century. The property features a residence, a coach house (a contributing property to the nomination), a wood frame garage, terraces, and a small creek. The house features parapets inspired by Spanish churches with Palladian windows on the south, west, and east sides. The roof features matte red clay tile made by Ludowici. Most of the exterior is locally quarried limestone in a soldier course. A wrap-around porch is screened on the east side and open on the south side. This porch was reconstructed in 2006 based on photographs from the 1940s. A second porch was added in 2006 to allow access to the first floor from the north side. The south side has four single hung windows and a large entrance door with sidelights. A chimney breaks through the roof of the west side.</p><br>
<p>The basement is accessed through the kitchen and features a walk out door to the north side to grade. The first floor is centered on a stair hall with stairs to the second floor. This hall has a large wood entrance door with a large glass light. An oversized oak newel with an ornate cap features in the center of the staircase, which has large wood balusters. Most of the first floor maintains its historic integrity except for the kitchen, which was also remodeled in 2006. The living room is to the east of the stair hall with a fireplace, a coffered ceiling, and a hardwood floor. A five-paneled door leads to the dining room, which is similarly themed (with no fireplace). The family parlor is to the west of the entrance with built-in bookshelves, paneled walls, a coffered ceiling, and a wood floor. The west and south sides of the room each have two single hung windows. On the second floor, the stair hall features a large sitting area. The northeast corner room, originally a bedroom, was converted into the master bathroom. A second bathroom along the back hall was original before being remodeled in the 1920s or 1930s. The two south bedrooms each have a large window. A small, secondary staircase leads from the back hall to the kitchen, and a third staircase leads to the third floor ballroom. This floor was originally open and unfinished, but has since been remodeled to fit a bedroom, a bathroom and an open space with a fireplace.</p><br>
<p>The coach house is 30 ft&sup2; with a four-sided gable asphalt shingle roof. A stone walled courtyard, built around 1940, lies to the east, visually connecting the coach house to the main house. The coach house has thirteen double hung windows. The west side originally featured a garage door but was replaces for two large French doors with sidelights. The first floor is now used as a home office. A staircase leads to a small bedroom. A door on the east leads to the courtyard. A standalone garage was built in the early 1990s, featuring a single and a double garage door. The roof and the window patterns match the coach house.</p><br>
<p>The Lotz House  is a two-story frame house built in 1858 in the central Tennessee town of Franklin. The house is significant for being in the epicenter of the Battle of Franklin in the American Civil War in 1864.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>German immigrant Albert Lotz and his family were surprised at their home on Columbia Pike (US 31) on the morning of November 30, 1864, to find thousands of Federal troops marching in front of their house heading north to Nashville, Tennessee, but unable to proceed across the swollen Harpeth River. Confederate troops attacked with 20,000 men at that point and the Union soldiers manned defensive fortifications on a line across the Lotz and adjacent Carter property.</p><br>
<p>The Lotz family fled across the street to the Carter House and the two families hid in the Carters basement witnessing a five-hour battle consisting of intense hand-to hand combat, considered one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War with 10,000 dead or wounded. The south wall of the Lotzs house was blasted away and cannon fire created holes in the roof and floors, but the structure could still serve as a field hospital later, with Lotz supervising the repairs.</p><br>
<p>Over the next 100 years, the house had many owners and gradually deteriorated until the Heritage Society of Franklin and Williamson Counties purchased it in 1974 to save it from demolition. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, marking the beginning of its restoration. In 2008, the Lotz House was opened to the public as a historical museum, a privately owned non-profit foundation.</p><br>
<h2>Johann Albert Lotz</h2><br>
<p>Johann Albert Lotz was born in Germany in 1820. He was a skilled woodworker who had worked his way up in the German guild system to the designation of "master craftsman". He came to the United States because other family members had moved there. He arrived in New Orleans in 1848. Lotz met his wife Margaretha there. They eventually moved to Franklin, Tennessee, near Nashville and purchased 5 acres of land— a relatively small carve-out from a much larger 300 acre tract owned by Fountain Branch Carter who owned a brick home across the street. Lotz built his two-story frame house himself without the use of slave labor. Historians have wondered why Carter would sell this relatively small plot of land so close to his own home. Historian J.T. Thompson speculated that this narrow area was too rocky for farming saying, "Carter was willing to sell the unproductive real estate to Lotz and pocket the extra cash".</p><br>
<p>The house is a four-column Greek Revival white frame building at 1111 Columbia Avenue in Franklin. The construction and furnishings show details and woodcarving which attest to Lotz&#39;s skill: three fireplaces whose designs range from very simple to intricate; and a solid black walnut handrail that wraps around a staircase from the ground floor to the second floor. Lotz constructed furniture, cabinetry and made pianos. Margaretha bore six children, Paul and Amelia (from a former marriage), Augustus, Matilda and twins Julius and Julia.</p><br>
<h2>The Battle of Franklin</h2><br>
<p>In early 1864, the Union Army, expecting a Confederate attack at some point, began to mobilize large numbers of soldiers in the general area of the Carter and Lotz houses. In their preparations, Union soldiers created defensive fortifications, and cut down every tree they could to prevent Confederate sniping and were said to have poisoned much of the water supply. The Lotz twins, Julius and Julia, went out to play at a nearby stream and were found dead, believed to have been killed by poison in the water according to available letters and diaries. Not all historians agree, saying it is possible that they drowned.</p><br>
<p>On the day of the battle, the Lotz family was at first surprised to see a seemingly endless line of troops and supply wagons going in front of their house. From their front yard, about 2 p.m., they could see in the distance a tidal wave of thousands of brown and gray uniformed Confederate soldiers covering two miles of open fields By dark, six Confederate generals were dead or mortally wounded. When the two families emerged from shelter, the area was a wasteland; hundreds of bodies and evidence of brutal hand-to-hand combat. Seventeen dead horses were among the casualties in the Lotz&#39;s yard. The Lotz house was still standing, although damaged. The south wall had been blasted away. Cannonball holes and burns can be seen inside the house to this day. Lotz was quick to repair the house, but was saddened that the repairs were done so hurriedly that the craftsmanship was shoddy. The house became a field hospital after the battle.</p><br>
<h2>After the Civil War</h2><br>
<p>Family life went on as usual after the Confederate defeat. McGavock Confederate Cemetery, not far from the house, contains the remains of 1,481 Confederate soldiers. Lotz continued woodworking and his daughter Matilda, an avid artist since young childhood, began to expand her talents and specialized in painting portraits of animals. Her art skills would later be discovered as an adult (see section below). Later in life, Albert Lotz and his family were forced to flee the house after he constructed a piano with an American eagle holding an American flag upward in one claw; and a Confederate flag pointing downward in the other claw carved into it. Outraged Confederate sympathizers spread the word and Lotz became a pariah. After his life was threatened, he abruptly sold the house and contents at a financial loss and the family left the area in a covered wagon to travel west across Indian country to settle in San Jose, California.</p><br>
<p>Since that time the house has been a private residence, attorney&#39;s office, sandwich shop, bakery, flower shop, cooking school, apartment house and gift shop. It was converted into a "haunted house" during Halloween in 1974. They restored the exterior, then sold the house to a private individual who operated a gift shop there. In 2001, the property was bought by J. T. Thompson whose intent was restoring the house as a civil war museum. He contacted David Lotz (the great, great-grandson of the patriarch), who was interested in genealogy had much information about the family, including the proper pronunciation of the name. The museum and grounds of the Lotz House opened in 2008. Its close proximity to the Carter House, the Franklin Battlefield and Carnton Plantation makes it a popular destination for tourists. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In the mid-2000s, the citizens of Franklin began a reclamation of the battlefield land, raising more than $19 million to buy back properties around the site, called Carter Hill Battlefield Park. In 2008 the Lotz House was opened to the public as a historical museum, a privately owned non-profit foundation.</p><br>
<h2>Matilda Lotz</h2><br>
<p>Lotzs daughter Matilda, born in the house in 1858, was called "Tillie" as a youngster. She was six years old when she huddled with her family during the battle. After the family moved to California, Matildas talent as an artist was discovered and nurtured by Phoebe Hearst, the mother of newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst. Matilda completed a six-year study at the San Francisco School of Design graduating summa cum laude and winning several medals for her work. With Hearst&#39;s help, Matilda was accepted into the French academy to study in Paris and she received two gold medals by the academy, the first woman to be so rewarded. After returning to California, she painted portraits of Phoebe Hearst and former California Governor Leland Stanford, founder of Stanford University.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<h3>Television</h3><br>
<p>The Lotz House was one of the haunted locations that was showcased on Most Terrifying Places in America (special episode 6) which premiered in 2010 on the Travel Channel.</p><br>
<p>Lotz House was also featured as a haunted location on Haunted Live in 2018 on the Travel Channel, where the paranormal team, Tennessee Wraith Chasers, investigated the home and its reports of paranormal activity.</p><br>
<p>The Maney-Sidway House, also known as Jasmine Grove and as Myles Manor, is a building in Franklin, Tennessee originally built c.1836, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The building served as a hospital for Union wounded following the Battle of Franklin.</p><br>
<p>It was extensively remodelled in 1916 in Neo-Classical style, including adding an elliptical, two-story portico to the main facade of the building. For the 1916 renovations of the property, it is included in a survey of historic resources of Williamson County as one of only a few notable residential structures in the county that were built during 1900–1935. Henry H. Mayberry House was another, as was a remodelling of the Randal McGavock House, both reflecting Neo-Classical style.</p><br>
<p>The National Register listing includes 11.9 acre with two contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and two non-contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger was a Union fort built in 1862 in Franklin, Tennessee, south of Nashville, after their forces occupied the state during the American Civil War. One of several fortifications constructed in the Franklin Battlefield, the fort was used by Union troops to defend their positions in Middle Tennessee against Confederate attackers. The Second Battle of Franklin in 1864, part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign in the Western Theater, was the most notable engagement of this area during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Today, Fort Grangers remaining earthworks are preserved within a city park that is located near the center of Franklin. Fort Granger is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The site is accessible to the public via a trail from Pinkerton Park. Its grounds include a boardwalk offering a view of the Harpeth River and extending through part of the forts site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>As a fort</h3><br>
<h4>Construction, early use</h4><br>
<p>After the Union Army captured Nashville early in 1862, Union troops under the command of Major General Gordon Granger occupied Franklin within a few weeks The Union Army, fearful of local unrest and Confederate guerrillas, began planning and construction of an artillery position to protect the Nashville railroad line nearby. Construction of Fort Granger, named for Major General Gordon Granger, began in 1863, and was overseen by Captain W. E. Morrill.</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger was built on Figuer&#39;s Bluff, north of the Harpeth River and parallel to the railroad to Nashville.</p><br>
<p>The completed fort comprised nearly 275,000 square feet. This "fort within a fort" was meant for use during overpowering attacks where defenders could make a final stand against invaders. The Cavalier was ideal for artillery because it provided the best view of the surrounding landscape.</p><br>
<p>Union troops and some refugee contraband slaves built Fort Granger. James L. Rogers, 98th Ohio Infantry, wrote a letter dated June 4, 1863 that lists some of the Federal units who constructed Fort Granger. Rogers said,</p><br>
<p>"For the last 2 months and over we have been camped in, near Franklin, Tenn. While our stay there, our time was principally occupied in working on the fortifications and scouting occasionally. And on the 2nd day of June General Grainger’s commenced including the 125th.O., 124th., O, 113th., O., 121st.O., 98th.O., 40th.O., 115th.ILL., 96th., ILL., 12ILL., & 84th Ind., and 2 or 3 regts of cavalry & 3 battries left Franklin at 6 a.m."The Samuel Boyd Map shows the positions of the Federal unit&#39;s camp sites at Franklin in 1863.</p><br>
<p>The Union position in Franklin was initially secure, and Fort Granger had only a small garrison. Union troops hanged two Confederate spies on June 9, 1863. The fort&#39;s artillery was used twice in 1863 against Confederate cavalry forces.</p><br>
<h4>During the Second Battle of Franklin</h4><br>
<p>Fort Grangers most important time came during the Second Battle of Franklin. Confederate John Bell Hood led efforts in September 1864 with the Army of Tennessee to attack Union General William T. Shermans supply lines, after Sherman had defeated Hood at Atlanta. Hood directed the army north into Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger served the Union cause. In the late afternoon of November 30, 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hoods army attacked Union General John M. Schofields troops in a fierce battle. The fighting lasted for five hours, including widespread hand-to-hand combat and artillery fire, causing 10,000 casualties on both sides. where he had an excellent view of the battlefield. At the same time, he ordered his men to build pontoon bridges across the Harpeth River, permitting the movement of supply wagons and troops to Nashville once the battle had ended.</p><br>
<p>Fort Grangers artillery delivered enfilading fire upon Confederate attackers on November 30, 1864. Four 3-inch rifled cannons in Fort Granger were fired by Capt. Giles J. Cockerill, Battery D, 1st Ohio Light Artillery. The Confederates suffered serious casualties under the 163 rounds fired by Cockerills guns. The right wing of the Confederate line, commanded by Gen. A. P. Stewarts corps, suffered the most from these rounds. Confederate attackers were subject to massed fire from the Union artillery from the fort. Local topography made Fort Grangers fire all the more lethal. When Confederate General Stewarts men advanced under fire, their right flank was blocked by the Harpeth River. Confederate infantry regiments such as the 35th Alabama and the 12th Louisiana, General Thomas Scotts brigade, and the 43rd Mississippi, Gen. John Adams brigade, were in particular had numerous casualties. Stewarts Corps suffered almost 3,000 casualties during the battle.</p><br>
<p>German immigrant and Union Lieutenant Frederick W. Fout described the scene: "From our post at Fort Granger, we could see every troop and every gun in our line, as long as it was day and the cloud of gun smoke allowed it. After sundown, the sparks of rifle fire and the lightning, thunder and groaning of the heavy cannons was splendid and awe-inspiring for the eye and ear."</p><br>
<h4>Condition in 1864-5</h4><br>
<p>In 1864, James Willett found the fort to be in a "dilapidated condition" and noted that "no efforts had been made to keep it in proper order or repair." He noted further that the "magazines very damp and entirely unfit to store ammunition." He further "noticed green mold on the ceiling." "The heavy guns," he noted, "were being remounted&quot Willett believed that "the intention was to keep two field pieces in the fort." The site is accessible to the public via a trail from Pinkerton Park. Its grounds include a boardwalk offering a view of the Harpeth River and extending through part of the fort&#39;s site.</p><br>
<p>By June 1865, the fort&#39;s was inspected under the authority of Maj Gen George H. Thomas. It was then "in reality dismantled, both guns and gun platforms having been removed; yet there a small detachment living in tents within the fort", of insufficient number to keep it "in order" Batteries constructed to the north had long been abandoned.</p><br>
<h3>As a historical site</h3><br>
<p>In 1973, a 20 acre area designated as the Fort Granger site, which included one contributing structure and one contributing site, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The site now contains several historical panels about the fort&#39;s history and the events surrounding its construction and use.</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger - Franklin TN - View of the fort site from the bottom of the trail leading to it 01.jpgView of fort site from the bottom of the trail</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger - Franklin TN - Earthworks 03.jpgFort Granger earthworks</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger - Franklin TN - View of earthernworks and observation deck 01.jpgView of earthworks and observation deck</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger - Franklin TN - View of the fort site from halfway up the trail leading up to it 01.jpgView of trail leading up to fort</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger - Franklin TN - Center of fort site 01.jpgCenter of the Fort Granger site</p><br>
<p>FT. GRANGER.jpg</p><br>
<p>Geneva Country Day School, also known as the Geneva Memorial Community Center, is an historic building in Geneva, Illinois. The school originated in the barn of Mr. and Mrs. William D. Bangs after they decided to tutor their sick son and his friends. Eventually this school, which they called the Adventure School, outgrew the barn and a new building was required. The Bangs family contracted Holabird & Roche to develop the building, and the new school opened in 1927. It served the community as a progressive school for 12 years, until it was forced to close due to low enrollment during the Great Depression. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was erected as a school in 1927 and functioned as such until it was closed in 1939 due to the Great Depression. It was designed by the notable architectural firm of Holabird & Roche. It was designed to resemble a home to improve the comfort level of students. The Geneva Day School was an early adapter of the reformed school movement that saw teachers as guides instead of taskmasters. It was founded by the Bangs family; William D. Bangs was a general counsel for Illinois Bell. He held degrees from Princeton University and Harvard Law, and his wife from Vassar College. After their first child developed pneumonia, they home schooled him and his friends, calling it the "Adventure School". Word spread about the Adventure School, and soon several prominent local figures enrolled their children. Soon, over fifty students through grade 11 attended the classes.</p><br>
<p>The 1919 barn that originally was used as a school was too small, promoting the construction of a new venue in 1927. William Bangs offered a tract of land across from a golf course for the school. Bangs was familiar with Holabird & Roche through Illinois Bell, so they were tasked with designing the building. The University of Chicago School of Education was consulted to design the school&#39;s strategy, help in design, and choose a principal. One of the students in the school was the son of a trustee for the university. The school grounds included a soccer and football field, a basketball court, a baseball diamond, and a playground.</p><br>
<p>The Geneva Country Day School attracted teachers proficient in many areas including art and music, allowing the school to focus on developing sportsmanship, workmanship, and social responsibility. The school battled with perceptions that it was elitist, and tried to sway locals by offering some free school classes to younger students. Local public school were motivated to compete with the Country Day School and soon offered more child-oriented schooling. The school was forced to close in 1939 due to low enrollment stemming from the Great Depression. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 21, 1989. It was home to the Fox River Valley chapter of the Red Cross before being rezoned as a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Geneva Country Day School is a one-story structure shaped like an H. It is wood framed with shingle siding. It measures 74 ft by 55 ft with an asphalt-shingled gable roof. A brick chimney rises on the west end of the middle section with an octagonal cupola with a copper roof. The building lies on the northernmost portion of the 4.8 acre lot. A library is in the center of the school with two classrooms on each side; each side corresponded to a different age group. Double hung windows line the library&#39;s north and south walls. A vaulted ceiling originally topped the library but has since been replaced by a flatter, more acoustic design. French doors connect the library to the classrooms. An additional French door on the north side connects the building an exterior porch, which has four columns. A terrace adjoined the building on the south side, accessed from the southern classrooms through French doors; however, most of this terrace his since been removed. In total, the building has forty-five double hung windows; thirty are six over six and fifteen are four over four. A basement, accessed through an exterior staircase, has more classrooms and bathrooms.</p><br>
<p>The building does not resemble any one architectural style, but is reminiscent of a bungalow or cottage. Aside from the removal of the terrace, the exterior of the building resembles what the building looked like in 1927. The interior is less preserved; the floor plan is intact, but floors have been carpeted and ceilings dropped.</p><br>
<p>The Henry H. Mayberry House, also known as "Riverview", is a private home in Franklin, Tennessee located on Franklin Pike  just north of the Harpeth River Bridge. Built in 1902 in Neo-Classical or Classical Revival architecture, it is one of the notable residences of the 1900-1935 period in Williamson County. At the time it was built it had the most technologically advanced utilities in the county, including electric lights and its own water works. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. When listed, the property included an area of 26 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Mayberry</h2><br>
<p>The building of the house in 1902 was envisioned by Henry Hunter Mayberry who was born in Williamson County, Tennessee, Jan 5, 1861. His father was H.G.W. Mayberry and his mother was Lenora Hunter Mayberry, both members of widely connected families. Mayberry, a small man who wore large wire-rimmed glasses, was descended from a Revolutionary War veteran who had originally come from Germany. He grew up in Franklin and was educated at the Campbell School for Boys on West Main Street. After graduating from the University of Tennessee, he settled in Birmingham, Alabama, and amassed a considerable fortune after founding the Mayberry Hardware Company. While in Birmingham, he also helped organize a steel company that demonstrated that steel could be made from local iron ore. He retired in 1904 and moved back to Franklin, Tennessee, where became president and chief fundraiser for the Franklin Interurban Railway, Franklins first major travel connection to Nashville. It was an electric-powered train running hourly from Franklins town square to Nashville, a distance of about 20 miles. Mayberry died on December 27, 1931, at age 71, four days after an automobile accident in which he suffered a fractured hip.</p><br>
<h2>House details</h2><br>
<p>The original property was about 95 acres purchased from C.R. Webb in 1901. Mayberry hired a Birmingham architect to design the house. There was an existing one-story brick house at the site, and the architect decided to incorporate its two front rooms to become the back part of the new house. When built, the Mayberry house was the most modern of any in Williamson County. It was the first home in Franklin to have a waterworks system, with water pumped from a spring by use of a gasoline engine to a storage tank, then to pipes into the house and surrounding outbuildings. There were four tiled bathrooms with tubs, lavatories and commodes. It also had an electric lighting system made by the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company(Delco). Historian Virginia M. Bowman said there were "lights not only in the house but all outbuildings and on gate posts". Another advanced feature was central heat supplied by a basement furnace, but there were still fireplaces in every room. The third floor was a ballroom.</p><br>
<p>Mayberry donated another spring on land he owned in Still Hollow (near Leipers Fork) to supply water to the city of Franklin. The city supplied the pipe and secured the rights of way. In exchange, Mayberry wanted the contract to lay the pipe. By 1906, Mayberrys spring system supplied, completely by gravity, 450,000 USgal of water per day to the town. This steady water supply ended Franklin&#39;s dependence on groundwater.</p><br>
<p>The McGavock–Gaines House, also known as Riverside, is a historic mansion in Franklin, Tennessee. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The property then included two contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and one non-contributing building, on an area of 3.2 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on Caruthers Road, east of the Lewisburg Pike, in Franklin, a small town in Williamson County near Nashville, in the Southern state of Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mansion was built circa 1840 for James Randal McGavock, the son of Randal McGavock, who served as the mayor of Nashville, Tennessee from 1824 to 1825 and owned the Carnton Plantation.</p><br>
<p>It was remodelled into Classical Revival style in 1902 and renamed as Riverside. This included adding the house&#39;s two-story portico and completely remodeling the interior.</p><br>
<p>The Apheus Truett House is a frame house located at 228 Franklin Road in Franklin, Tennessee, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1988. Built in 1846, it is a notable example of a two-story vernacular I-house structure in Williamson County , the Claiborne Kinnard House, the Beverly Toon House, and the Stokely Davis House). It includes Central passage plan architecture. The NRHP listing is for an area of 5.2 acre, with one contributing building and two non-contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>It is one of about thirty significant brick and frame residences surviving in Williamson County that were built during 1830 to 1860. It faces on the Franklin and Columbia Pike that runs south from Brentwood to Franklin to Columbia.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, the Truett house was commandeered by Union Major General John M. Schofield to be used as one of his headquarters during the Battle of Franklin. This battle, fought on November 30, 1864, was one of the bloodiest in the Civil War with 10,000 men dead or wounded. Schofield commanded Federal troops against a frontal attack by General John Bell Hood&#39;s Confederate forces on the south edge of Franklin. Schofield and his officers climbed the stairs of the Truett house to observe the wave of oncoming Confederate troops through binoculars. As the battle began, Federal paymasters hid stacks of cash beneath flowerpots at the house and ran to their horses.</p><br>
<p>The Grasmere Schoolhouse No. 9 and Town Hall, also known as the Grasmere Grange Hall, is a historic municipal building located at 87 Center Street in the village of Grasmere in Goffstown, New Hampshire. Built in 1889 as a town hall and school, it has served a variety of civic and community functions since its construction, and is a good example of civic Queen Anne architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Grasmere Schoolhouse No. 9 and Town Hall is located on the north side of Center Street, a short way east of Grasmere&#39;s main intersection with Henry Bridge Road. It is a 2½-story wood-frame structure, with a clipped gable roof and clapboarded exterior. A two-story pavilion projects from the center of the street-facing long side, with a hip roof topped by a square tower. The tower has an open belvedere with round-arch openings, and is capped by a pyramidal roof. The main entrance is in the base of the pavilion, recessed in three round-arch openings under a single-story gable.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed by W.W. Ireland in the Queen Anne style of architecture, it was built as a dual-function public building in 1889 on the site of a 1700s religious and governmental building. Over the years it has also been used by many local groups, including the now defunct Junior Grange No. 150, which was organized in 1890.</p><br>
<p>Although no longer used today for its two original uses, it is still used for some public purposes such as the Goffstown Municipal Court and other local governmental agencies. Current private uses include the Merri-Loo Community Preschool, which leases part of the ground floor, and the Jaycees.</p><br>
<p>The Harwood School is a historic building in Albuquerque, New Mexico, which was originally a Methodist boarding school. Built in 1925, it is a two-story, H-shaped building with a red brick facade and Neoclassical detailing. The building ceased operating as a school in 1976 and now houses a community art center as part of the outreach programs of Escuela del Sol Montessori . It was listed on the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1979 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Harwood Girls&#39; School was established in 1887 by Emily Harwood and her husband Thomas, a Methodist minister. The school operated from various locations including a house in Downtown Albuquerque before moving to the 7th Street location in 1925. Two additional buildings were added to the campus in 1935 and 1940, respectively. The Harwood School continued to serve girls in grades 1-12 until the 1970s, when it was closed due to lack of funding.</p><br>
<p>Faribault Mill is a textile manufacturing company in Faribault, Minnesota, United States, that produces and sells wool and cotton blankets, throws, shawls, socks, sheets, and many other products. The company sells its products through its stores in Faribault and Edina, MN and nationwide through retailers.</p><br>
<p>Faribault Mill&#39;s building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 for having state-level significance in the theme of industry. It was nominated for being one of the largest and oldest fully integrated woolen mills in Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The plant closed in 2009, but reopened in September 2011 under new private ownership. At the time it closed in 2009, Faribault Woolen Mills produced more than half of the new wool blankets made in the United States and was one of the few remaining woolen mills in the country.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Faribault Woolen Mills building is a product of over one hundred years of expansion. The building is utilitarian, with rectangular massing and sections ranging in height from one to three stories. Wall materials, including brick, concrete block, corrugated metal, and exposed timber and steel framing are in keeping with the propertys industrial character. A large surface parking lot extends from the east side of the building around to the south and west sides of the building. The mill is part of an industrial area, which includes a cannery, on the edge of the citys residential core. The exterior of the building is simple and undecorated.</p><br>
<p>The company invested most of its profits in the interior to improve efficiency in the manufacturing process, with the last reorganization of the machinery occurring in 1971. The most recent major addition dates to that same time. The interior of the building reflects the mill&#39;s purpose as well. With the exception of the executive offices, it is industrial in character. Older sections of the building are timber-framed with exposed brick walls.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before the American Civil War, most woolen goods used in the United States were imported. After the war, domestic wool manufacturing increased as the country became more industrialized. The growth of wool production was aided by the Tariff Acts of 1867. The acts provided protection for domestic wool makers and made them more competitive. In Minnesota, the 1860s saw the beginning of many woolen manufacturing companies.</p><br>
<p>The Faribault Woolen Mill started as a small family-owned business in the 19th century and grew to become the largest and longest-surviving woolen mill in the state. Carl Henry Klemer entered the woolen mill business in 1865. From the beginning he chose a conservative approach to his business by keeping the financing and operations in the family. While larger mills were failing, the Klemers&#39; continued to expand. In 1878 the company advertised as the "Faribault Woolen Mill" for the first time. Four years later Klemer moved the business to a stone building on the Straight River.</p><br>
<p>Over the next ten years, three fires devastated the mill. In 1892 the building was totally destroyed, and the Klemers purchased property on the Cannon River. They immediately built a fireproof brick building and in 1894 replaced the wooden dam that powered the facility with one made of stone. Throughout the 1890s the mill served local clients and continued to grow.</p><br>
<p>The company made a transition in leadership in 1904 when founder Carl Klemer died. His oldest grandson, Frank Klemer, joined the business along with other members of the Klemer family. In 1905 the company formally adopted the name it had been known by since the 1880s. It officially incorporated as the Faribault Woolen Mill Company.</p><br>
<p>Growth during the early 1900s was slow, but the change in leadership brought new products and small additions to the facility. In 1917 the company was awarded a contract with the United States Army for 100,000 blankets. This contract was a great success and led to growth in business during the 1920s. During the 1930s, the next generation of the Klemer family joined the company. Through the Great Depression years the company survived and even expanded. During World War II the mill manufactured army blankets. Afterward the younger generation of Klemers began managing the company. Marketing became a focus along with synthetic fiber experimentation and importing wool. Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century the facility grew gradually. Faribault Woolen Mills led the market with new products like washable wool and thermal weave blankets. In the early 1970s the company saw its greatest profit and made the largest addition to its facility.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, the Mill began to struggle. It was eventually purchased by North American Heritage Brands, but the Klemers still managed the company. North American Heritage Brands went bankrupt, and in 2009 the mill closed. In the autumn of 2011, cousins Chuck and Paul Mooty purchased the Faribault Woolen Mill and reopened the business. From 2011-2020, the Mootys operated the brand and marketing of Faribault Woolen Mill.</p><br>
<p>In early 2020, Paul Mooty partnered with an investment group led by current Chairman, Paul Grangaard, to recapitalize. At that time, Grangaard reinvigorated the leadership team with current President and CEO, Ross Widmoyer, and current Chief Marketing and Business Development Officer, Rick Dow. They have since organized the acquisition of Brahms Mount Cotton out of Maine, to expand Faribault Woolen Mills product offering into cotton, forcing a brand name change to todays "Faribault Mill."</p><br>
<p>In addition to the brand name change, Faribault Mill has had several substantial achievements since the 2020 reorganization: they have introduced over 100 new products since 2020, realizing record revenue growth in four straight years, they have launched the Spread the Warmth campaign, donating thousands of blankets to homeless youth across the USA, they have spent millions updating their production facilities to drive efficiencies and job growth, and lastly, the Mill has been featured in television and news programs such as Yellowstone, 1923, The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, The Today Show, ABC News, and many others.</p><br>
<p>The Henry P. Gray House is a building in Franklin, Tennessee, United States, dating from. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It shows Greek Revival and Central passage plan architecture.</p><br>
<p>When listed the property included one contributing building and three non-contributing structures, on an area of 1 acre.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The John Henry Carothers House, also known as Ezeal Carothers House, is a property in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. When listed the property included four contributing buildings, two contributing structures, and two non-contributing buildings, on an area of 26 acre.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The Craig-Beasley House, also known as Gaines House, is a 2.9 acre property in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The listing includes four contributing buildings: a 1916-built American Craftsman-style house and compatible 1953-built outbuildings .</p><br>
<p>It is believed that the house was designed and built by local lumber mill owner and builder J.F. Craig.</p><br>
<p>Cedarmont is a two-story brick house in Williamson County, Tennessee, near Franklin, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed "a fine example of Middle Tennessee&#39;s early brick vernacular farmhouse with added Greek Revival detailing." The main portion of the house was built c.1816 and a two-story "T-plan" addition was added in c.1855.</p><br>
<p>It includes Greek Revival architecture. When listed the property included two contributing buildings (one of them a smokehouse) and a contributing site, on an area of 1.5 acre.</p><br>
<p>The College Grove Methodist Church is a building in College Grove, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It was built c.1888 and was designed and/or built by T.G. Slate.</p><br>
<p>The church is one of the "best examples", along with the Trinity United Methodist Church on Wilson Pike, of more elaborate historic churches built in Williamson County.</p><br>
<p>It includes Stick/Eastlake architecture. The listing was for an area of 2.8 acre with just one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The Dixon–Markle House is located at the corner of East Cooper Avenue and South Aspen Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a wood frame house erected in the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with other properties in the city.</p><br>
<p>It is believed to have been the house of a successful miner during the silver-mining boom years that established Aspen. A complex application of the Queen Anne architectural style that is unique in the city, it features an unusual projecting bay on its northeast corner. It has remained relatively intact from the time of its construction.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the southwest corner of the intersection, one block west of Rubey Park, which buffers the commercial eastern portion of Aspen from its residential West End. Surrounding buildings are all multiple-unit dwellings. A detached guest house faces an unnamed alley connecting South Aspen and South Garmisch streets south of the property. The terrain is level, with the slopes of Aspen Mountain rising within two blocks to the southwest and south. On the lot&#39;s north bound is a small iron fence, with a stone walk leading to the sidewalk.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-and-a-half-story rectangular structure sided with clapboard and topped with a wood-shingled hipped roof gabled on the north (front) elevation. That two-bay facade has a full-length shed-roofed porch on the ground floor with turned posts, balustrade and a spindled frieze. At the northeast corner is a square-shaped two-story projecting bay topped with a gabled dormer window.</p><br>
<p>On the east facade the porch roof is continued with a belt course of dark wood shingles, flared slightly and set off with molded surrounds. Near the south end of the facade on the first story is another slight projecting bay with a hipped roof. Its two windows are one-over-one double-hung sash, like all those on the house. There is a single window above. On the rear the shingled course ends in a steeply pitched pent-roofed porch with similar treatment to the front.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by a J.M. Dixon, then a miner, in 1888. At that time Aspen was a prosperous, growing mining town, suffused with the wealth produced by the Colorado Silver Boom. In addition to miners, it had attracted many tradesmen, who were able to build sophisticated houses in contemporary architectural styles for the newly wealthy. The new Queen Anne Style was particularly popular at that time. Most such houses in Aspen were built from pattern-book designs, but the Dixon house appears to be a wholly unique design.</p><br>
<p>Dixon later went into real estate and finance. In the middle of the next decade, after the Panic of 1893 and the ensuing repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act had ended the boom years, he sold the house to L.C. Markle, a local blacksmith. The house, like many of the others from Aspens boom years, fell into neglect during the citys "quiet years" in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>By the 1950s, as Aspen was slowly reviving as a popular ski resort, the house was showing the signs of this. All the original paint had gone, and the bare wood was exposed to the elements. In 1953 the one-story gabled barn with shed-roofed addition was added at the back of the lot, on the alley.</p><br>
<p>The house itself would start to see some attention in the next decade. New bathrooms were installed along with new plumbing and electricity in 1964, and the kitchen was updated. The barn was updated into a three-story guest house shortly afterwards.</p><br>
<p>Serious restoration began in the 1980s. The porches came first, in 1982, with new foundations as well. Three years later the roof was reshingled in wood. The whole house has since been repainted.</p><br>
<p>Glen Echo, also known as Harpeth Hall, is a property in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is a former plantation house that is now the centerpiece and administrative office of the Battle Ground Academy campus.</p><br>
<p>It was designed and/or built c. 1828 by Joseph Ruff. The structure includes Federal architecture. The NRHP listing was for an area of 14 acre with just one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>It was one of about thirty surviving antebellum "significant brick and frame residences" built in Williamson County that were centers of slave plantations. It is one of several of these located "on the rich farmland surrounding Franklin&quot others were the Dr. Hezekiah Oden House, the Franklin Hardeman House and the Samuel Glass House, the Thomas Brown House, the Stokely Davis House, the Beverly Toon House and the Samuel S. Marten House.</p><br>
<p>Cox House is a building in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is also known as the Harpeth Academy building.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1891 for Congressman Nicholas Nichol Cox. It was extended in 1972 and again in 1975. It was designed by architects Woods & Crabb. It includes Late Victorian architecture. The listing was for an area of 5.8 acre with just one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>It was purchased in 1969 by the Harpeth Academy, a private elementary school that itself is a historic institution, to be used as an administration building. It is now part of Battle Ground Academy.</p><br>
<p>The Owen-Cox House is a property in Brentwood, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The property is also known as Maplelawn.</p><br>
<p>It was built or has other significance in 1891 and 1899. It includes Classical Revival and Italianate architecture. When listed the property included one contributing building and four non-contributing structures, on an area of 5.2 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Owen-Cox House "was originally an earlier one-story brick residence but was</p><br>
<p>remodeled into the Italianate style ca. 1875. The house was again remodeled in</p><br>
<p>the early 1900s with added metal columns."</p><br>
<p>The house "is significant for its association with Nicholas N. Cox who served in the USA Congress from 1891 until 1901. Cox was the most prominent county politician in the late 19th century and was an able lawyer and legislator."</p><br>
<p>The house was built by William Owen, using bricks made by slaves. Reportedly bought by Nicholas Cox under the carpetbagger government. Remodeled by his son, Carter Cox. Children of William Owen that may have been born in the house - John Owen, Nathan Owen II 1st TN CSA, Lucinda Owen (married Joseph E. Loggins, CSA, buried nearby), Harris Owen and Ira Owen. A family home of my line that well precedes current ownership.</p><br>
<p>The Owen-Primm House was originally a log cabin built by Jabez Owen c. 1806, and later expanded with wood framing by Thomas Perkins Primm c. 1845. This property in Brentwood, Tennessee was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Jabez Owen was a prominent physician and planter in Brentwood who owned hundreds of acres around Moores Lane, Wilson Pike, and Concord Road. Dr. Owen was one of the wealthiest men in Williamson County, and at his death in 1850 he owned 58 slaves. Some of these antebellum slave cabins still stand on the property today.</p><br>
<p>It was built or has other significance in c.1806, c.1845, and c.1900. It includes Central passage plan and other architecture.</p><br>
<p>When listed the property included four contributing buildings and two contributing structures on an area of 1.8 acre.</p><br>
<p>The outbuildings include a pair of c.1845 log slave cabins with a shared stone chimney, square notching and original vertical board doors; a</p><br>
<p>c. 1920 stone springhouse, a frame barn with weatherboard siding from c.1920, a frame garage from c.1930; a frame shed from c.1930.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The Primm farm&#39;s former slave cabins were potentially to be preserved, but one plan failed in 2018.</p><br>
<p>The William Wheeler House in Victoria, Texas, was built in 1900. It was designed by the architect Jules Leffland in Classical Revival style for English immigrant William Wheeler and his family: Emma Hauschlld Wheeler and six children. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It has a wrap-around porch. It has wood siding scored to look like stone.</p><br>
<p>William Wheeler "assisted in designing water systems in St. Charles, Missouri and Palestine, Tyler and Columbus, Texas before coming to oversee the construction of Victoria&#39;s water system in 1884. Wheeler served as superintendent of the Victoria Water Department from 1885 to 1922. He also began a plumbing business that his son and grandson continued until 1965."</p><br>
<p>The house was occupied by the Wheeler family until 1982.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the NRHP as part of a study which listed numerous historic resources in the Victoria area.</p><br>
